What type of statements are admissible under the dying declaration exception?

Dying declarations are a unique category of statements that are admissible in court under certain conditions due to the belief that individuals who are aware they are near death are unlikely to lie. This exception to the hearsay rule applies to statements made by a person who is convinced they are dying, as it implies a sense of urgency and finality that can lend credibility to what they say.

The legal rationale behind this is rooted in the belief that a person on the brink of death has no reason to fabricate a statement, especially one relating to the cause of their impending death or to the circumstances surrounding it. This is a critical aspect of the legal standard; the declarant must be under the belief that their death is imminent at the time of making the statement, ensuring that the declaration carries significant weight in proceedings.

In contrast, statements made in writing or during a police interview do not fall under this exception without the necessary context of the individual's mindset regarding their mortality. Additionally, confessions made under duress undermine the reliability of the statement, as they may be coerced and therefore lack the voluntary nature that dying declarations possess.